• * Trend analysis.

  •  Trend analysis examines project performance over time to determine if performance is improving or deteriorating.

  • Graphical analysis techniques are valuable for understanding performance to date and for comparison to future

  • performance goals in the form of BAC versus estimate at completion (EAC) and completion dates.

  • Examples of the trend analysis techniques include but are not limited to:  

  • * Charts.

  • In earned value analysis, three parameters of planned value, earned value, and actual cost can be monitored and reported on both

  • a period-by-period basis (typically weekly or monthly) and on a cumulative basis.  

  • * Forecasting.

  • As the project progresses, the project team may develop a forecast for the estimate at completion

  • (EAC) that may differ from the budget at completion (BAC) based on the project performance.

  • If it becomes obvious that the BAC is no longer viable, the project manager should consider the forecasted EAC.  

                EACs are typically based on the actual costs incurred for work completed, plus an estimate to complete (ETC) the remaining work.

                The most common EAC forecasting approach is a manual, bottom-up summation by the project manager and project team. 

                 Equation: 

EAC = AC + Bottom−up ET

  • * Reserve analysis.

  •  During cost control, reserve analysis is used to monitor the status of contingency and management reserves for the project to determine

  • if these reserves are still needed or if additional reserves need to be requested. 

  1. 3- TO-COMPLETE PERFORMANCE INDEX  

The to-complete performance index (TCPI) is a measure of the cost performance that is required to be achieved

with the remaining resources in order to meet a specified management goal, expressed as the ratio of the cost to

finish the outstanding work to the remaining budget. TCPI is the calculated cost performance index that is achieved on

the remaining work to meet a specified management goal, such as the BAC or the EAC.  

The equation for the TCPI based on the BAC: 

(BAC – EV) / (BAC – AC)(BAC – EV) / (EAC – AC)

  1. 4- PROJECT MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (PMIS)  

Project management information systems are often used to monitor the three EVM dimensions (PV, EV, and AC),

to display graphical trends, and to forecast a range of possible final project results.